Estrogens are hormones that occur naturally in women and men and are also made synthetically. Estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) are the three most common naturally occurring estrogens.
In women, estrogens are the main hormone responsible for sexual and reproductive development. Estrogen is produced by the ovaries, adrenal glands, and in fat tissue. During pregnancy, the placenta produces estrogen which helps prepare the breasts for milk production and maintain the pregnancy. Estrogens also have critical roles in male sexual function, including modulation of libido, erectile function, and spermatogenesis. In males, estrogens are produced by the adrenal cortex, in fat tissue, and in small amounts by the testes. Testosterone is also converted into estrogen by the enzyme, aromatase. Excessive production of estrogen in men causes feminization.
Estrogens may be used to treat symptoms of conditions associated with estrogen deficiency such as amenorrhea and menopause. They may be used to suppress lactation and in men to treat androgen-dependent cancers such as prostate cancer. Estrogens are also used as contraceptives, in combination with progestins (another class of sex hormones).
Data Source:drugs.com
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Clomiphene is used to induce ovulation (egg production) in women who do not produce ova (eggs) but wish to become pregnant (infertility). Clomiphene is in a class of medications called ovulatory stimulants. It works similarly to estrogen, a female hormone that causes eggs to develop in the ovaries and be released.
Data Source:medlineplus.gov
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Transdermal estradiol (Climara, Minivelle, Vivelle-Dot) is used to treat hot flashes (hot flushes; sudden feelings of mild or intense body heat) in women who are experiencing menopause (change of life; the end of monthly menstrual periods). Transdermal estradiol (Climara, Vivelle-Dot) is also used to treat vaginal dryness, itching, and burning in women who are experiencing menopause. Transdermal estradiol (Climara, Menostar, Minivelle, Vivelle-Dot) is also used to prevent osteoporosis (a condition in which the bones become thin and weak and break easily) in women who are experiencing or have experienced menopause. Transdermal estradiol (Climara, Vivelle-Dot) is also used as a source of estrogen in women have not yet experienced menopause and who do not produce enough estrogen naturally. Women whose only bothersome symptoms are vaginal dryness, itching, or burning may benefit more from an estrogen product that is applied topically to the vagina. Women who only need a medication to prevent osteoporosis may benefit more from a different medication that does not contain estrogen. Estradiol is in a class of medications called estrogen hormones. It works by replacing estrogen that is normally produced by the body.
Data Source:medlineplus.gov
Transdermal estradiol (Climara, Minivelle, Vivelle-Dot) is used to treat hot flashes (hot flushes; sudden feelings of mild or intense body heat) in women who are experiencing menopause (change of life; the end of monthly menstrual periods). Transdermal estradiol (Climara, Vivelle-Dot) is also used to treat vaginal dryness, itching, and burning in women who are experiencing menopause. Transdermal estradiol (Climara, Menostar, Minivelle, Vivelle-Dot) is also used to prevent osteoporosis (a condition in which the bones become thin and weak and break easily) in women who are experiencing or have experienced menopause. Transdermal estradiol (Climara, Vivelle-Dot) is also used as a source of estrogen in women have not yet experienced menopause and who do not produce enough estrogen naturally. Women whose only bothersome symptoms are vaginal dryness, itching, or burning may benefit more from an estrogen product that is applied topically to the vagina. Women who only need a medication to prevent osteoporosis may benefit more from a different medication that does not contain estrogen. Estradiol is in a class of medications called estrogen hormones. It works by replacing estrogen that is normally produced by the body.
Data Source:medlineplus.gov
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Raloxifene is used to prevent and treat osteoporosis (condition in which the bones become thin and weak and break easily) in postmenopausal (women who have experienced a change of life; end of menstrual periods) women. Raloxifene is also used to decrease the risk of developing invasive breast cancer (breast cancer that has spread outside of the milk ducts or lobules into the surrounding breast tissue) in postmenopausal women who are at high risk of developing this type of cancer or who have osteoporosis. Raloxifene cannot be used to treat invasive breast cancer or to prevent invasive breast cancer from coming back in women who have already had the condition. Raloxifene also cannot be used to decrease the risk of developing noninvasive breast cancer. Raloxifene should not be used in women who have not yet experienced menopause. Raloxifene is in a class of medications called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Raloxifene prevents and treats osteoporosis by mimicking the effects of estrogen (a female hormone produced by the body) to increase the density (thickness) of bone. Raloxifene decreases the risk of developing invasive breast cancer by blocking the effects of estrogen on breast tissue. This may stop the development of tumors that need estrogen to grow.
Data Source:medlineplus.gov
Tamoxifen is used to treat breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body in men and women. It is used to treat early breast cancer in women who have already been treated with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. It is used to reduce the risk of developing a more serious type of breast cancer in women who have had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; a type of breast cancer that does not spread outside of the milk duct where it forms) and who have been treated with surgery and radiation. It is used to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women who are at high risk for the disease due to their age, personal medical history, and family medical history.
Data Source:medlineplus.gov
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