Azole antifungals are a group of medicines that contain an azole ring and inhibit the growth of a wide range of fungi. They are classified into two groups: those with two nitrogens in the azole ring (the imidazoles; examples include clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and tioconazole) and those with three nitrogens in the azole ring (the triazoles; examples include fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole).
Azole antifungals work by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 dependent enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase, which converts lanosterol to ergosterol, the main sterol in the fungal cell membrane. Depletion of ergosterol damages the cell membrane resulting in cell death.
Azole antifungal agents can be used to treat fungal infections of the body and skin, including athlete's foot, onychomycosis (fungal nail infections), ringworm, and vaginal candidiasis.
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Clotrimazole lozenges are used to treat yeast infections of the mouth in adults and children 3 years of age and older. It can also be used to prevent yeast infections of the mouth in people at risk of these infections who are receiving certain treatments. Clotrimazole is in a class of antifungal medications called imidazoles. It works by stopping the growth of fungi that cause infection.
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Econazole is used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm.
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Fluconazole is used to treat fungal infections, including yeast infections of the vagina, mouth, throat, esophagus (tube leading from the mouth to the stomach), abdomen (area between the chest and waist), lungs, blood, and other organs. Fluconazole is also used to treat meningitis (infection of the membranes covering the brain and spine) caused by fungus. Fluconazole is also used to prevent yeast infections in patients who are likely to become infected because they are being treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy before a bone marrow transplant (replacement of unhealthy spongy tissue inside the bones with healthy tissue). Fluconazole is in a class of antifungals called triazoles. It works by slowing the growth of fungi that cause infection.
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Itraconazole capsules are used to treat fungal infections in the lungs that can spread throughout the body. Itraconazole capsules are also used to treat fungal infections of the fingernails. Itraconazole tablets and capsules are used to treat fungal infections of the toenails. Itraconazole oral solution (liquid) is used to treat yeast infections of the mouth and throat or of the esophagus (tube that connects the throat to the stomach). Itraconazole is in a class of antifungals called triazoles. It works by slowing the growth of fungi that cause infection.
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Ketoconazole is used to treat fungal infections when other medications are not available or cannot be tolerated. Ketoconazole should not be used to treat fungal meningitis (infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord caused by a fungus) or fungal nail infections. Ketoconazole is in a class of antifungals called imidazoles. It works by slowing the growth of fungi that cause infection.
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Topical miconazole is used to treat tinea corporis(ringworm; fungal skin infection that causes a red scaly rash on different parts of the body), tinea cruris (jock itch; fungal infection of the skin in the groin or buttocks), and tinea pedis (athlete's foot; fungal infection of the skin on the feet and between the toes). Miconazole is in a class of antifungal medications called imidazoles. It works by stopping the growth of fungi that cause infection.
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Posaconazole is used to prevent serious fungal infections that can spread throughout the body in adults and children 2 years of age and older with a weakened ability to fight infection. Posaconazole delayed-release tablets are used to treat invasive aspergillosis (a serious fungal infection that begins in the lungs and spreads through the bloodstream to other organs) in adults and teenagers 13 years of age and older. Posaconazole oral suspension is also used to treat yeast infections of the mouth and throat including yeast infections in adults and teenagers 13 years of age and older that could not be treated successfully with other medications. Posaconazole is in a class of medications called azole antifungals. It works by slowing the growth of fungi that cause infection.
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Terconazole is used to treat fungal and yeast infections of the vagina.
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Voriconazole is used in adults and children 2 years of age and older to treat serious fungal infections such as invasive aspergillosis (a fungal infection that begins in the lungs and spreads through the bloodstream to other organs), esophageal candidiasis (a yeast [a type of fungus] infection that may cause white patching in the mouth and throat), and candidemia (a fungal infection in the blood). It is also used to treat certain other fungal infections when other medications will not work for certain patients. Voriconazole is in a class of antifungal medications called triazoles. It works by slowing the growth of the fungi that cause infection.
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